PTE考试前最重要的是PTE备考,PTE写作格外需要重视,尤其是提升词汇量、语法水平,除此之外,各类句型的积累也非常重要,今天我们就来说说写作考试中的各类定语从句!
1 对比分析
两个专业术语:
限制性定语从句:这类从句构成了先行词不可缺少的部分,与主句的关系非常紧密,去掉它主句意思往往变得不明确。
非限定性定语从句:这类从句是先行词的附加说明,它与主句往往用逗号隔开,而且与主句的关系也比较松散,就算缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
下面举一例给大家对比分析一下:
e.g. The travelers who knew about the floods took another road.
e.g. The travelers,who knew about the floods,took another road.
第一句的限制性定语从句直接修饰先行词“travelers”,所以翻译成“知道有大水的游客走了另外一条路”,有可能还有游客不知道这一情况,因为这里被修饰的游客只是部分游客;而第二句非限定性定语从句作为插入语放在“The travelers took another road”中间,“游客们走了另外一条路”这句话本来就是完整的,非限定性定语从句的存在更强调了事件的原因,所以翻译成“知道有大水,游客走了另外一条路”,这里的游客则更倾向于指代全体。
2 非限制性定语从句的引导词
非限制性定语从句只能用关系代词which或who、whom、whose等引导,不能用that引导,如
e.g. Nobody knows his phone number,which makes it difficult to get in touch with him.(which不能改成that)
e.g. Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.(who不能改成that)
注意 :
(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 , 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
3 as引导非限制性定语从句
与which一样,as也可以作关系代词,但是它的位置比which灵活的多,可以放在句首或者句末(which不能放在句首);意思也更加丰富,可以指代前面提及的状况或是后面将要提到的情况(which只能指代前面提到的情况)。例如:
e.g.As could be expected, he opposed the idea.正如大家料想到的,他反对这个主意。(这里的as不可以被which替代,原因如上~)
e.g. He is a bit out of his mind,as all those who know him can see.那些了解他的人都能看得出来,他现在有点不在状态。(这里的as可以被which代替)
4 that引导的定语从句
由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 。
e.g.All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
e.g.The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。
e.g.I’ve eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
e.g.He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g.They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)当句中已有who时 , 为避免重复 。
e.g. Who is the man that is giving us the class?
5 when, where, why引导的定语从句
e.g.I don’t know the reason why he was late.
e.g.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
e.g.I’ll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。
e.g.This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
关于写作考试中的各类定语从句就为大家介绍到这里了,希望大家能够好好复习,提高备考能力,并且小编建议大家要好好积累词汇,这样才能顺利通过考试,如果还想了解更多PTE考试备考、PTE资料下载的信息,可以在线咨询我们或添加客服微信kewo11!